As this blog has gone over, quitting smoking can be one of the best things you ever do. Not only can it instantly improve your health, it can save you thousands of dollars a year in money not spent on cigarettes. To help you do it without a patch, we have collected seven natural ways you can quit smoking.

1. Fruits and veggies – They aren’t just good for you, they can help you quit smoking. Because smokers often associate junk foods such as red meat, alcohol, and fried stuff with smoking, the opposite foods also have value. Foods such as fruits and veggies can actually turn smokers off to the notion of smoking.

2. Green tea – Are your morning coffee and a cigarette inseperable? Then try this healthy alternative. Not only is green tea incredibly good for you, it also provides that morning alert feeling without the caffeine jolt of coffee. Switching to this can also help you forget about that morning cigarette.

3.Decaf – If you can’t say goodbye to your morning Joe, then try this alternative. It tastes just about the same as coffee. However, the loads of caffeine found in regular coffee can actually trigger a desire to smoke, just as any added artificial rush can.

4. Garlic – It isn’t just for repelling vampires, it can actually help repel the urge for a smoke. Because garlic has such a distinct smell, it can turn smokers off. Additionally, garlic also helps naturally pull cadmium from the body, which is a by-product of smoking that can be harmful.

5. Gum – Because the act of smoking is also a habit, it needs something to be replaced with. Chewing gum can help take the smoker’s mind off smoking and back to whatever needs to be done. And there are many varieties of sugarless gum that are not bad for your teeth or diet.

6. St. John’s Wort – This is one of the many herbal remedies that can help naturally battle a nicotine craving. The herb is used to treat many conditions from depression to heart disease. Although reviews for its success have been mixed, it can even have a placebo effect on quitting smoking.

7. Tea for Quitting – If you find tha the green tea isn’t helping quit smoking, there is an alternative. It is called Pharmacy Degrees which helps students find the right pharmacy degree.

So I had to come on here and brag a bit, I just passed the 4 year mark for quitting smoking.  I have not had a single puff, not a single bit of nicotine in that time period at all.  None!

Pretty cool, huh?  Actually I missed the day and was mad because I wanted to buy a cake to celebrate.  But I forget and then realized later that I now had my 4 years in.

So I guess you could say it gets easier over time…..

Let’s take a look at my stats, shall we?  What have I gained from not smoking for 4 years?

* I have avoided smoking approximately 37 THOUSAND cigarettes.

* The cost savings from not having to purchase those cigarettes is just under $7,000 dollars.

* The time I would have spent actually smoking those 37 thousand cigs?  128 days.

128 days of continuous smoking!

If you are still smoking I want you to really think about that.  Imagine smoking, non-stop, for 128 days continuously, without stopping to eat or sleep or anything else.  That is how much time I would have actually been smoking if I had not quit 4 years ago.

Folks, that is crazy.  Just plain nuts.

I don’t really care about the 7 grand, I mean really, who needs another iPod these days, right?  And I’m not even that appalled with the 37 thousand cig total.  But folks, do you realize you are wasting almost an entire month out of each year, engaged in the act of smoking?

We all sleep about 7 to 8 hours a day….so with your remaining, waking hours, you are giving away about a quarter of your life to the act of smoking. This is insane!  A quarter of your free time!  To a mindless activity!

Think of the things you could be doing…..trust me, there are all sorts of things that do not involve smoking.  Exercise is a good one, for example.

I actually run now, on a regular basis.  Quite a bit too.  Pretty sure that quitting smoking has been a driver of that good habit.

“But I actually enjoy it,” you say.

Hah!  No, what you enjoy is avoiding the onset of nicotine withdrawal.  You are confusing avoiding pain with pleasure.  If you measure your happiness, contentment, and ability to handle stress, you will see that all of that stuff gets better after you are nicotine free for a few weeks.  Yes, withdrawal is a major struggle, and not much fun, but if you get through it, you will see that the cigarettes have you fooled……

Sections:

* Why you need an awesome plan

* Planning in advance and setting a quit date

* Getting through withdrawal with a sledgehammer

* Massive distraction for the win

* So do you need a quit smoking aid or not?

* Living with freedom from nicotine addiction

Why you need an awesome plan

This is an awesome plan of attack for quitting smoking and if you follow it exactly you will have no problems quitting. Plus, this plan is pretty much free. I am not selling you products or services here. This worked for me and I was a hard core smoker who was addicted in the worst way.

So let’s get to it.

Nobody quits smoking on their first try. It is almost impossible. The reason for this is quite simple: everyone underestimates how tough it will be. At least initially they do. When they have never even tried to go through with it cold turkey, the have no idea what they are even up against. It is not impossible and of course it can be done, but nearly everyone underestimates the task at first.

Most people have tried to quit smoking several times, in fact. I think I read a statistic once that the average smoker has tried to quit six times. Of course, some have never tried at all.

Many people who have tried to quit initially tried to go it alone, cold turkey. This is actually not a bad strategy, and I believe that anyone who is persistent with the cold turkey method will eventually prevail. But most do not believe that they can actually do it. And so they give up on cold turkey and believe that they need more help, so they might try the patch or the gum or something. But their hearts are still not really in it, and when those methods fail them, then they really get discouraged.

I know what all of this feels like because I went through it myself. I failed to quit smoking over and over again, using a variety of different techniques. At some points, I sort of just threw up my arms and resigned myself to be a smoker.

This is the worst thing you can do. Instead, you need to make a commitment to yourself, right now, that you are going to become an ex-smoker, and start enjoying all the freedom that comes along with it. Make a promise to yourself right now that you will stop at absolutely nothing until you achieve this goal. This is the most important thing in your life, by far. Fix this, and a whole world of opportunity and freedom will open up to you. Just consider 3 benefits of quitting, although there are many more:

1) Save money. Smokers spend thousands each year on cigarettes (not to mention tens of thousands in future medical bills).

2) Save time. The average smoker spends just under 1 full month out of every year engaged in the act of smoking cigarettes. Imagine how much more time you will have.

3) Mental obsession. Smokers lose mental energy every single day, mentally obsessing over when to smoke their next cigarette, where to smoke it, how many they have left, etc.

There are other benefits, but these 3 are enormous. They represent 99 percent of the time and energy that is wasted on smoking, keeping you from a more effective and happy life.

The bottom line is that you need a massive plan of attack to pull this off. You’re in luck. I have just such a plan for you.

And it works.

Planning in advance and setting a quit date

So here are three things that you need to do before you even try to quit smoking. I would strongly recommend that you do all 3 of these things if you are serious about this. I promise this will work for you if you follow it as planned, because it contains excellent preventative measures for nearly every pitfall that a smoker can run into when they try to quit. Believe me I have done this enough times, and when I finally pulled it off and quit smoking for good 4 years ago, I knew that I had uncovered a truly wicked formula for kicking the habit.

So here are the 3 things:

1) Pick a quit date. Most will need to make this at least 2 to 3 months in advance, due to the other 2 requirements.

2) Start exercising every single day, if you do not already do so. This must be a minimum of 30 minutes per day. No excuses! Do it.

3) Take time off work for the quit. Preferably 2 weeks. Don’t say you can’t. Just move the quit date further ahead and save more money. No more excuses. Do it if you want to quit.

So these are your preparation steps. You need to start exercising every single day, without fail. This cannot be missed. If you do this it will make it so much easier to stay off of cigarettes forever. You need two weeks off work in order to really make this work right and you also need lots of extra money. Save it up. Don’t say you can’t. That just means you want to keep smoking and die of lung cancer. Make a decision that you are going to do this for yourself, it will be awesome and you are going to have fun doing it.

Getting through withdrawal with a sledgehammer

OK so here is what you need to do. You are rapidly approaching your quit date and you have some time off work too. On your quit date, smoke your last cigarette and then throw everything away. Throw out your lighters, ashtrays, have a cleaning party. Try to get rid of all the negative, lingering effects of your smoking habit. If you try to hang on to any cigarettes at this point then just forget it and go back to smoking, you are not ready yet. You MUST throw out any remaining cigarettes. Soak them in water and throw them in the garbage. If you don’t do this then you have already failed.

Go to the store and buy 3 big containers of cranberry juice. Also buy some chewing gum, chewing toothpicks, and bic pens that have clickers on the ends of them. You might use the gum, the chewing toothpicks, and possibly candy in order to keep your mouth busy over the next week. You might also use the pens and the clickers on the end of them to keep your hand busy while you are walking around in nicotine withdrawal. It helps a little.

So here is how you dominate your nicotine withdrawal in a big way:

Smoke your last cigarette and start drinking the cranberry juice. Do not go to sleep for 36 hours straight.

Review that last sentence again as it is extremely important: Do not go to sleep for the next 36 hours. You are going to stay awake on purpose in order to cut your withdrawal time in half. This actually works, I have done it. It worked perfectly.

Stay up for 36 hours and keep drinking the cranberry juice while you do this. You don’t want to over do it of course, but you want to be drinking the stuff steadily over the next 36 hours. Keep sipping it. You will get sick of it. Keep sipping it anyway. It will obviously make you urinate quite a bit. Drink as much as you comfortably can. Keep it reasonable. But keep sipping it.

What you are doing is flushing the nicotine out of your system much faster than usual. This is going to make your withdrawal much faster and much more intense and much worse. However, you are going to sleep through it! That is the beauty of this system. Stay up for the full 36 hours and keep slamming the juice, then crash out at the 36 hour mark and go to sleep.

When you wake up, your withdrawal will be very close to being over. Completely.

This is a beautiful system and if you do it perfectly then you will only be in withdrawal for about 24 hours instead of for 7 days straight. It will be a little bit crazy when you stay up for the 36 hours and slam your juice, but you can have a party and celebrate your new smoke free life while doing this. Or you can just hang out or whatever. It doesn’t matter. Make it through this portion of it and you are home free, at least as far as acute withdrawal is concerned.

Massive distraction for the win

The next part of your quit smoking strategy is to make it through day 4 through 14. You already made it past the acute withdrawal stage in days 1 through 3 by sleeping through most of it. Now you are almost out of the woods but you are still on shaky ground. You need a distraction to get you through to the 2 week mark.

This is why I recommend a vacation from work. If you are stuck back at work and you are comfortable smoking there, then that will be a huge trigger. Not a good distraction. What you need is a family vacation. If your family all smokes then take a personal vacation. Whatever. It doesn’t matter. But I would plan to go somewhere as both a celebration of your quitting smoking and as a distraction to help you to stay quit in the early stages.

You want a vacation planned where you actually do stuff. Sitting around on the beach all day is probably not the best thing for you. Think more along the lines of “amusement park, running around with kids all day until you’re exhausted.” Yes this might have some stress associated with it, but it is better than sitting idle and ending up relapsing because of it.

Take off work and plan a vacation. The trip will help you to transition into a life of non smoking. And it doubles as a nice reward strategy.

If you say you can’t afford it, then you are not planning properly. Save your money and push your quit date further ahead. Are you going to do this or not? No excuses.

So do you need a quit smoking aid or not?

No you don’t. The strategy outlined here will obviously work without any quit smoking pills, cures, patches, medications, hypnosis, or lasers. All you need is some planning and the will to do the footwork. And there is some footwork in there.

You have to plan a vacation and tell yourself that you deserve it. You have to take time off work. And you have to pull an all-nighter. Not a big deal for most people, but we tend to be lazy. Plus, who is willing to exercise every single day?

How bad to you want to quit?

This is a free system, basically. Some will argue that they have to take time off work or take a vacation or buy cranberry juice and all that stuff costs money. Well, yes and no. Most people are going to take a vacation at some point anyway…they are not going out of their way or losing money by quitting smoking during time off. They are just purposely making the two things coincide.

The cost of the minor supplies for this like cranberry juice and toothpicks and Bic pens and stuff is NOTHING compared to the cost of smoking. It is not worth mentioning. You will save thousands per year if you go through with this.

This is an extreme method of quitting smoking because I was so hopelessly addicted. If you are hooked badly then this will work for you too. Yes, it takes some effort.

Keep in mind that you cannot buy the will to quit smoking. You cannot purchase the desire to quit. This is what I struggled with for so long. I could not see that I was blocking myself from quitting. I had to let go of the gimmicks and the quit smoking aids and figure out how to want this for myself. I had to commit to it without reservation. I found I could not buy a magic bullet. I could not cheat my way in quitting smoking. I had to want it all for myself.

Living in freedom from nicotine addiction

You might not be ready for all of this.

Doing this takes guts. You have to face the world without your familiar crutch.

And, there will be an emotional loss when you quit smoking. You will mourn it in a way you might not be expecting.

It is a hard thing to do. This is a no-nonsense, extreme strategy for attaining complete freedom from nicotine.

No distractions. No pills. No nicotine products to keep you hooked for months. No expensive procedures.

But it will work. If you put in the effort it will work for you. Follow it exactly and you can hardly help but succeed.

The only question is: do you have the guts to put in the work?

Want to quit smoking forever?  It’s actually pretty easy to do.  All you have to do is…..change everything.

OK, so that is not easy to do.  But it is pretty simple.  It is just a lot of work, a lot of effort, and you have to make this effort in all areas of your life.

“But,” you protest…”I just want to quit smoking.  Forever.”

And you will.  But in order to stay quit, forever, you need to do some serious work.

So what needs to change?  What do we mean when we say that you have to “change everything?”

It means that you have to change every single thing about your life, from the inside out.  The way that you deal with problems and stress has to change, among other things.  But even more than that, here are some other changes that will help insure long term success when quitting smoking:

1) Daily exercise – those who do not exercise on a regular basis are making it at least 5 times harder on themselves.  Why?  Because regular exercise practically replaces the effects of smoking completely on a chemical level.  The amount of “feel-good” endorphins that you get pumping to your brain is very similar to someone who is smoking cigarettes all day long.  And yet so many people will find a mountain of excuses to avoid this most crucial step.

2) Rituals – you get in the car, you light up a cigarette.  You finish a meal, you light up a cigarettes.  It seems like everything you do is defined by smoking.  If this is the case, then you will need to redefine all of these rituals after you quit.  Getting through these situations will be difficult at first, but it will get easier each time you do so without caving in.  In time, you will have established new rituals that do not involve smoking, and may not involve much of anything.  But it takes time to reprogram your brain to realize that the old reward is gone.

3) Social circles – everyone knows about the little huddle of people who stand together outside of work.  It’s the smokers!  Well if you quit smoking, you obviously are not going to be joining them any more out there, and this might require a bit of a shift on your part.  You can still be social of course, you just have to do it in a different way and possibly with some new people.

If you need quit smoking advice and you are struggling to stop smoking cigarettes then I would urge you to follow these recommendations.  This is a very simple and yet powerful 2 step approach that will help to treat both the short term effects of quitting, as well as the long term effects of quitting.  This technique is not easy to do but of course there really is no “easy” way to quit smoking….you are in for a battle no matter what you do.  But, if you do these 2 things (which are hard) then it will make the quitting smoking rather easy.

First thing, for help in the short term when quitting smoking:

Getting through nicotine withdrawal is hard.  Most people do not make it past the first few days because the withdrawal symptoms are so uncomfortable.  So here is how you can overcome that.

When you smoke your last cigarette, you need to do 2 things: one is to stay awake for the next 36 hours.  No sleeping, no naps.  Period.  This sounds outrageous but it will really help.  The other thing is that you need to start drinking large amounts of cranberry juice.  Try to drink at least one full bottle over the 36 hour period.  Drink lots of water too.

Here is what will happen if you do these things.  You will effectively be flushing your system out very quickly and speeding up the detox process.  This will make your withdrawal much worse and more intense than if you did not flush with all these fluids.  However, the staying awake part is going to help you out, because if you manage to stay awake for 36 hours, then you will be entering the worst part of your withdrawal right when you go to sleep.  If you do this right then you will sleep right through the worst part of your detox.  When you wake up, you will almost be through with the nicotine withdrawal and you will be feeling much better already.

Next: the action step to help with long term quitting:

Exercise every single day.  Period.

No one likes to hear that, and they will argue that it is not important for quitting smoking, and they will try to find all sorts of ways to weasel out of it.  Just do it.  If you want to quit, start exercising every single day.  No exceptions.  No excuses.  Just do it and know that it will increase your chances of staying nicotine free.

Will hypnotism stop smoking really work for you?  The only way to know for sure is to try it and find out.  There is no reason that you should hesitate even for one second in trying this out as a means to help you quit smoking.  Try it now and see if it works for you.  If not, then try something else.

I have personally known people that I had very little hope for in quitting smoking who were successful due to hypnotism.

That is enough evidence right there, for me, that I would urge anyone who is debating with this idea to just go ahead and take the plunge and do it.  You have nothing to lose. Hypnotism is relatively cheap. What is it, 60 bucks for a session?  200 bucks per session?  It doesn’t even matter.  It is so much cheaper than smoking that it is ridiculous.  If you try it and it works, it is like winning the lottery.  You get several thousand bucks out of the deal every year (in money saved from not smoking) and you also get several more years of your life added on (can you really put a dollar value on that?).  Now this is not to say that if you get hypnotized that you will definitely quit smoking for sure and not have any problems.  There is no guarantee of course.  But this is going to be true no matter how you quit smoking.  There is no magic bullet.  I don’t care if you use the patch, the gum, the medications, the lozenges, the pills, the acupuncture, the ear magnets, the laser treatments, it just doesn’t matter.  None of these methods insure that you will never smoke again.  All of them are susceptible to failure and relapse.  The only method that really works is the one that works for you.

So what are you waiting for?  Commit to yourself that you are going to quit smoking no matter what.  Make a promise to yourself that you are not going to just allow yourself to smoke mindlessly any more without thinking of quitting.  You have to push yourself to quit.  You have to make an effort.  If you rely on quit smoking aids to help you, they cannot motivate you buy themselves.  The only way to really quit is to make the decision internally first, then seek out whatever help you need to make it happen.

What about hypnotherapy quit smoking as a means to stop your cigarette habit?  Can this be a helpful technique to help you to quit, or is it just a gimmick that people use to make money off of desperate quitters?

In my experience, quit smoking hypnotherapy is more than just a gimmick, it really does help people to quit.  Some of the “hardest” cases that I have seen have been hard core smokers of several decades that I did not think had a good chance at quitting smoking.  These people were successful using hypnosis to quit.  I don’t know the status of all of these people today, but I know of at least one who is still smoke free after several years, and he used hypnotherapy as his primary means of quitting.

Now if your idea is that you want to quit smoking, and you are going to rely on hypnosis to be your magic bullet, then that might be a bit misguided.  Understand that no quit smoking technique, including hypnotherapy, can really make you want to quit smoking.  None of these methods or quit smoking aids can really give you the desire to stop smoking.  You have to want it for yourself, from deep down inside you….and then these techniques and therapies can help.  Most people can look back at their failed attempts at quitting and see that they were just not ready to quit yet….they did not really want to stop smoking like they thought they did.  What they wanted at the time, was they wanted to want to stop smoking, if that makes any sense.  They wished things were different.  But they did not have a genuine desire to change.

It is only after a person has genuinely decided to make a change, on a really deep level, that they are ready to quit smoking.  I do not believe that hypnosis or quit smoking therapies can get a person to this point.  Now even after a person reaches this point, they still might screw up and relapse, which is why things like hypnotherapy to quit smoking can still help a great deal.  But you have to be really ready to stop before you invest your time, money, and effort into a technique like this.

Is it affordable?  Hypnosis for stopping smoking is dirt cheap when you compare it to the cost of smoking.  Add up your cigarette expenditures over the last couple years and then see how much it costs to be hypnotized.  I think you will see which is the better deal!

Should you try acupuncture to stop smoking?  Absolutely.  It is a decent secondary strategy that can help assist you in quitting smoking.  If you do go have the procedure done, you will notice that your craving to smoke will have decreased after the procedure.  As such, you might have a couple of sessions before you are really ready to stop smoking.

There is no reason to be nervous about the needles.  It does not really hurt much, if at all, and pretty much nobody complains about pain from the needles.  It is a very clean and clinical thing, not messy or scary at all.

Now if you plan to quit smoking with acupuncture, you should actually go far beyond just having this as your basic plan and come  up with some other strategies to help you to quit smoking.  Acupuncture can certainly help but it will probably not do the entire trick on its own.  In order to be successful at quitting, this will just need to be one part of your overall strategy.  Does that mean that you should not even use this method?  No, it is still worth being part of an overall quitting plan.  But you need more in order to insure that you are successful at staying stopped.

What are some strategies that can go along with acupuncture?  The main one is exercise.  You should be exercising every single day, and if you are not, then you should start.  It should be the type of exercise where it is somewhat vigorous and you are working up a sweat.  This can be a brisk walk if you like, or just about anything else, as long as you get your heart pumping and get your endorphins going.  You should aim for 30 minutes per day of vigorous exercise.  If you do this, it will be a huge addition to your acupuncture, and might even be a more important part of the equation.  It will help you tremendously.

Another strategy that you might try is to get some chewing sticks for your mouth and some Bic pens for your hands.  The chewing sticks are like fancy toothpicks that you can get at the health food store, and they usually have tea tree oil in them and are flavored.  The Bic pens you can keep in your hand and push the clicker button all day long so that your hand has something to do when it wants to hold a cigarette.  These strategies might sound silly, but you will not think so when you are going through nicotine withdrawal!

Should you use a quit smoking hypnotist to help you on your journey to quit smoking cigarettes?  Absolutely.  Go find one today and pay them to help you quit.

Seriously, this is a better idea than doing nothing.  Whether or not hypnotism can really help you quit is WAY beside the point.  You need to be quitting, right now, period.  Anyone who is still continuing to smoke cigarettes needs to take urgent action.  If going to see a hypnotist will get you motivated to give it another shot at quitting, then that is what you should do.  It certainly is cheap enough.

How much does a hypnotist cost?  Not much really.  Anywhere from like $50 to $300 dollars for a session.  I can just hear people freaking out at those numbers: “300 dollars?!  That is crazy!”

Why don’t you take a step back and tally up the amount of money you have spent on cigarettes over the last decade.  Seriously.  I will stand here and wait for you while you get out pencil and paper.  Could be some complicated math, actually, because they used to be so much cheaper, didn’t they?  I remember when they were $2.25 a pack for name brand, out the door.  Those were the days.

So yeah, a pack a day smoker can easily go through over ten thousand dollars in a decade.  But of course the real cost of smoking is much, much greater than that.  You have to figure out what 1 year of your life is worth to you, and then multiply that by about 5 to 15.  Because that is how many years you are going to die early unless you take action and do something about your cigarette addiction.

So back to the question.  Should you go see a smoking hypnotist?  Duh!  You need to take action right now, it doesn’t matter what.  Make a pact with yourself that you are going to quit smoking cigarettes no matter what.  You are wasting time and money every day by continuing to smoke.  You are sealing your fate by continuing to smoke.  You need to attack this problem with an extreme amount of desperation.

You know what I did?  I took a vacation.  Just to quit smoking.  I took 2 weeks off work, just to quit smoking.

You need to go to that level or even beyond.  You need to get serious.  So yeah, try hypnotism if you think that might be your thing.  Whatever.   The key is that you take action.

Do it now!

Is it possible to stop smoking with hypnosis?  Absolutely.  The key is that you take action and get motivated to try it out.  The fact that you are researching the idea is good, but now you need to follow that up with decisive action.  It does no good to think about different techniques for quitting smoking if you do not take action on them.  The worst thing you can do is to just allow yourself to keep smoking without pushing yourself to quit.  Therefore if you have an idea about quitting smoking, such as trying hypnosis or the gum or the patch or whatever, it is important that you act on that idea and take action.  Is it expensive to do so?  No it is not…it is actually cheaper to spend hundreds or even thousands of dollars on quitting smoking than it is to continue to smoke.  If you continue smoking you will waste over a thousand dollars each year, plus you will be building up huge medical bills in the future due to what you are doing to your health.  The only sensible option is to throw everything you have into quitting.

Now if you are going to try hypnosis to stop smoking then you should give yourself every advantage and use some other techniques along with it in order to give yourself the best odds of success.  There are 2 super strategies that you can use that will go along great with hypnosis and they will not cost you a penny.  Both of them are a bit of a challenge to pull off but if you want to quit then you will have to make the sacrifice.

1) Start exercising every day.  Everybody whines about having to do this but if you follow through with it then you will double your chances of staying off the cigarettes long term.  You can just walk every day but if you do then make sure you walk briskly and for at least 30 minutes.  This is critical in making your body feel better when it does not  have the nicotine to boost you.  Start this before you quit smoking and continue doing it forever.

Exercise every day.  No excuses.

2) Do not allow yourself to sleep for at least 36 hours after you smoke your last cigarette.  Drink plenty of fluids and juices during this time to help flush the nicotine out of your body.  When you get to the 36 hour mark, go to sleep.  When you wake up your nicotine withdrawals will basically be over and you will be feeling better already.

Now if you’ll excuse me, my wife hypnotized me this morning and insisted that I go find some new aluminum patio covers for the house!  Catch you all later…..